Inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood and/or produce urine is termed?

• A. Renal failure
• B. PKD
• C. Renal transplant
• D. Peritoneal dialysis

Answer: (A)

Renal failure is the term that directly describes the kidneys’ inability to filter wastes from the blood and to produce urine. This condition can be acute (sudden loss of function) or chronic (gradual loss over time). When the kidneys fail, waste products like urea and creatinine accumulate in the blood, and the kidneys can’t regulate fluids and electrolytes properly, leading to signs such as fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances.

Polycystic kidney disease is a specific kidney disease that can lead to renal failure, but it is not the general term for the failure itself. Renal transplant is a treatment that replaces the kidneys, not the condition. Peritoneal dialysis is another treatment modality, not the disease state. So the wording that matches the described situation—the kidneys’ loss of filtration and urine production—is renal failure.