Inherited kidney disease characterized by multiple cysts throughout kidney tissue, leading to kidney failure is known as?

• A. Polycystic kidney disease
• B. Renal failure
• C. Peritoneal dialysis
• D. Renal transplant

Answer: (A)

Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited condition where many cysts form throughout the kidney tissue, gradually replacing normal kidney tissue and leading to loss of function and eventual kidney failure. It most often runs in families and can present with enlarged, cyst-filled kidneys, hypertension, and progressive decline in renal function, sometimes reaching end-stage kidney disease in adulthood. The key idea is that the problem is a genetic disorder that creates multiple cysts across the kidneys, not just a single lesion or a treatment or outcome.

Renal failure describes the state of reduced kidney function, not the disease process itself. Peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant are treatments for kidney failure, not the inherited disease that causes cysts.